Everything about Peculiar Institution totally explained
"(Our) peculiar institution" was a
euphemism for
slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the
American South. The meaning of "peculiar" in this expression is "one's own", that is, referring to something distinctive to or characteristic of a particular place or people. The proper use of the expression is always as a possessive, for example, "
our peculiar institution" or "
the South's peculiar institution". It was in popular use during the first half of the
19th century, especially in legislative bodies, as the word
slavery was deemed "improper," and was actually banned in certain areas.
Some see this expression as specifically intended to gloss over the apparent contradiction between legalized slavery and the statement in the
Declaration of Independence that
"all men are created equal". But, in fact, at the time this expression became popular, it was used in association with a vigorous defense of this institution as a
good thing. One of the leaders in using the phrase, and in advancing the argument that slavery was a "positive good", establishing the proper relation between the races, was
John C. Calhoun, most notably in his
Speech on the Reception of Abolition Petitions. The March 1861 "
Cornerstone Speech" of Confederate Vice President
Alexander Stephens even argued that Jefferson's words in the Declaration were mistaken, and that the Confederacy's new Constitution, establishing "our peculiar institution", had rectified the error.
In the United States, following the 1973
Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision, which overturned laws prohibiting
abortion in all 50 states, political opponents of abortion have taken to referring to abortion as the
"new peculiar institution"; in an effort to associate the perception of developing fetuses as property to be disposed of with the 19th century view of slaves as private property; and to discredit the institution of abortion in general by associating it with slavery.
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